Şêxbizin ( or ) is a

Kurdish Kurdish may refer to: *Kurds or Kurdish people *Kurdish languages *Kurdish alphabets *Kurdistan, the land of the Kurdish people which includes: **Southern Kurdistan **Eastern Kurdistan **Northern Kurdistan **Western Kurdistan See also * Kurd (dis ...

tribe present near

Koy Sanjaq Koy Sanjaq, also called Koye ( ku, کۆیە, Koye, ar, كويسنجق, he, כוי סנג’ק, syr, ܟܘܝܐ) is a town and district in Erbil Governorate in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. In the town, there is a Chaldean Catholic Church, Chaldean Cath ...

Kurdistan Region Kurdistan Region ( ku, هەرێمی کوردستان, translit=Herêmî Kurdistan; ar, إقليم كردستان), abbr. KRI, is an autonomous region in Iraq comprising the four Kurdish-majority governorates of Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, Duhok, ...

Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq ...

with smaller communities dispersed throughout

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...

. While the tribe speaks

Sorani Kurdish Central Kurdish (), also called Sorani (), is a Kurdish dialect or a language that is spoken in Iraq, mainly in Iraqi Kurdistan, as well as the provinces of Kurdistan, Kermanshah, and West Azerbaijan in western Iran. Sorani is one of the two of ...

in Kurdistan Region, the ones in Turkey have kept their tribal sub-dialect of

Laki Laki () or Lakagígar (, ''Craters of Laki'') is a volcanic fissure in the western part of Vatnajökull National Park, Iceland, not far from the volcanic fissure of Eldgjá and the small village of Kirkjubæjarklaustur. The fissure is properly ...

called Şêxbizinî or Kirmancekîman. Nonetheless, many in Turkey only know Turkish due to the assimilatory policies of Turkey. They lived around

Kermanshah Kermanshah ( fa, کرمانشاه, Kermânšâh ), also known as Kermashan (; romanized: Kirmaşan), is the capital of Kermanshah Province, located from Tehran in the western part of Iran. According to the 2016 census, its population is 946,68 ...

in present-day

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

but were expelled towards Ottoman Kirkuk by

Safavid Safavid Iran or Safavid Persia (), also referred to as the Safavid Empire, '. was one of the greatest Iranian empires after the 7th-century Muslim conquest of Persia, which was ruled from 1501 to 1736 by the Safavid dynasty. It is often conside ...

Ismail I Ismail I ( fa, اسماعیل, Esmāʿīl, ; July 17, 1487 – May 23, 1524), also known as Shah Ismail (), was the founder of the Safavid dynasty of Safavid Iran, Iran, ruling as its King of Kings (''Shahanshah'') from 1501 to 1524. His re ...

in the 16th century. Many members of the tribe would later migrate towards Anatolia.

Etymology

It is believed that the name of the tribe is a compound of the two words

sheikh Sheikh (pronounced or ; ar, شيخ ' , mostly pronounced , plural ' )—also transliterated sheekh, sheyikh, shaykh, shayk, shekh, shaik and Shaikh, shak—is an honorific title in the Arabic language. It commonly designates a chief of a ...

and Bazan. The latter is the name of the region near

Sulaymaniyah Sulaymaniyah, also spelled as Slemani ( ku, سلێمانی, Silêmanî, ar, السليمانية, as-Sulaymāniyyah), is a city in the east of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, not far from the Iran–Iraq border. It is surrounded by the Azmar, Go ...

where they were exiled to before relocating to

Anatolia Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The re ...

decades after. The name appears in different spellings in Ottoman documents.

History

The tribe was caught between the many wars between the Ottomans and the Safavids in

Kurdistan Kurdistan ( ku, کوردستان ,Kurdistan ; lit. "land of the Kurds") or Greater Kurdistan is a roughly defined geo-cultural territory in Western Asia wherein the Kurds form a prominent majority population and the Kurdish culture, Kurdish la ...

and were forced to leave towards Kirkuk by the Safavids after failed negotiations between Shah Ismail and Şêxbizinî leader Qazî Hûseyîn. The reason for the exile was the religious beliefs of the tribe since they were

Sunni Sunni Islam () is the largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world's Muslims. Its name comes from the word '' Sunnah'', referring to the tradition of Muhammad. The differences between Sunni and Shia Muslims arose from a disagr ...

. Entering Ottoman Kurdistan, they were tolerated by Sultan

Selim I Selim I ( ota, سليم الأول; tr, I. Selim; 10 October 1470 – 22 September 1520), known as Selim the Grim or Selim the Resolute ( tr, links=no, Yavuz Sultan Selim), was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1512 to 1520. Despite last ...

since he was attempting to gather support from Sunni Kurdish tribes against the Safavids. Due to the support from the Şêxbizin during the

Battle of Chaldiran The Battle of Chaldiran ( fa, جنگ چالدران; tr, Çaldıran Savaşı) took place on 23 August 1514 and ended with a decisive victory for the Ottoman Empire over the Safavid Empire. As a result, the Ottomans annexed Eastern Anatolia an ...

, the tribe received privileges including the liberty to settle wherever they wanted. This allowed members of the tribe to migrate upward towards Anatolia after temporarily staying in

Palu Palu, which is officially known as the City of Palu (Indonesian: ''Kota Palu''), is the capital and largest city of Central Sulawesi. Palu is located on the northwestern coast of Sulawesi and borders Donggala Regency to the north and west, Pari ...

. By the end of the 18th century, the tribe lived in

Haymana Haymana is a town and district of Ankara Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey, 72 km south of the capital, Ankara. According to the 2010 census, the population of the district is 33,886, of whom 9,091 live in the town of Haymana. ...

during the winter and around

Antalya Antalya () is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, fifth-most populous city in Turkey as well as the capital of Antalya Province. Located on Anatolia's southwest coast bordered by the Taurus Mountains, Antalya is the largest Turkish cit ...

Samsun Samsun, historically known as Sampsounta ( gr, Σαμψούντα) and Amisos (Ancient Greek: Αμισός), is a List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, city on the north coast of Turkey and is a major Black Sea port. In 2021, Samsun reco ...

and Aydın in the summer. In his work on

Kurdish tribes The following is a list of tribes of Kurdish people, an Iranic ethnic group from the geo-cultural region of Kurdistan in Western Asia. Iraq Baghdad Governorate The following tribes are present in Baghdad Governorate: * Feyli tribe Diyala Gover ...

in 1908,

Mark Sykes Colonel Sir Tatton Benvenuto Mark Sykes, 6th Baronet (16 March 1879 – 16 February 1919) was an English traveller, Conservative Party politician, and diplomatic advisor, particularly with regard to the Middle East at the time of the First Wo ...

mentioned the Şêxbizin tribe near

Kirkuk Kirkuk ( ar, كركوك, ku, کەرکووک, translit=Kerkûk, , tr, Kerkük) is a city in Iraq, serving as the capital of the Kirkuk Governorate, located north of Baghdad. The city is home to a diverse population of Turkmens, Arabs, Kurds, ...

which numbered around 4,000 families. He wrote: Many Şêxbizin Kurds were

Peshmerga The Peshmerga ( ku, پێشمەرگه, Pêşmerge, lit=those who face death) is the Kurdish military forces of the autonomous Kurdistan Region of Iraq. According to the Constitution of Iraq, the Peshmerga, along with their security subsidiaries, ...

and fought with the Kurdish leader

Mustafa Barzani Mustafa Barzani ( ku, مەلا مسته‌فا بارزانی, Mistefa Barzanî; 14 March 1903 – 1 March 1979) also known as Mela Mustafa (Preacher Mustafa), was a Kurdish leader, general and one of the most prominent political figures in mod ...

during the

Iraqi–Kurdish conflict The Iraqi–Kurdish conflict consists of a series of wars and rebellions by the Kurdish people, Kurds against the central authority of Iraq during the 20th century, which began shortly after the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I and las ...

Settlements

The Şêxbizin tribe lives in the following towns and villages:

Kurdistan Region

Villages populated by the Şêxbizin tribe in

Erbil Governorate ku, پارێزگای ھەولێر , other_name = , image_skyline = Collage_of_Hawler_-_Erbil_Governorate.jpg , imagesize = , image_caption = Clockwise, from top: ...

: *Bengane *Berdespi *Bincî *Cedide *Darmanava jêr *Darmanava jor *Kanîya Sûleyman *Kasika *Minare *Xorxor

Ankara and Konya Provinces

Villages populated by the Şêxbizin tribe in

Ankara Province Ankara Province ( tr, , ) is a province of Turkey with the capital city Ankara. Demographics History The site of the modern city has been home to settlements by many historic Anatolian civilizations in antiquity and classical times, in ...

and

Konya Province Konya Province ( tr, ), in southwest Central Anatolia, is the largest province of Turkey. The Province, provincial Capital (political), capital is the city of Konya. Its traffic code is 42. The Kızılören solar power plant in Konya will be ...

in Turkey: * Aktepe (in

district) * Altıpınar (in Haymana district) * Ataköy (in Haymana district) * Bahçecik (in Haymana district) * Balçıkhisar (in Haymana district) * Bostanhöyük (in Haymana district) * Canımana (in Kulu district) * Dereköy (in Haymana district) * Dipdede (in Kulu district) * Durutlar (in Haymana district) * Eskikışla (in Haymana district) * Evci (in Haymana district) * Evliyafakı (in Haymana district) * Gedik (in Haymana district) * Gültepe (in Haymana district) * Kanlıgöl (in Haymana district - depopulated in 1960 after a

blood feud A feud , referred to in more extreme cases as a blood feud, vendetta, faida, clan war, gang war, or private war, is a long-running argument or fight, often between social groups of people, especially families or clans. Feuds begin because one pa ...

)) * Karacadere (in Kulu district) * Karaömerli (in Haymana district) * Karapınar (in Haymana district) * Kavak (in Haymana district) * Kayabaşı (in

Polatlı Polatlı (formerly Ancient Greek: Γόρδιον, Górdion and Latin: Gordium) is a city and a district in Ankara Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey, 80 km west of the Turkish capital Ankara, on the road to Eskişehir. Accordi ...

district) * İncirli (in Haymana district) * Pınarbaşı (in Haymana district) * Sarıgöl (in Haymana district) * Sazağası (in Haymana district) * Sinanlı (in Haymana district) * Soğukkuyu (in Kulu district) * Söğüttepe (in Haymana district) * Tabaklı (in Haymana district) * Yaprakbayır (in Haymana district) * Sindiren (formerly known as Yenice, in Haymana district) * Yergömü (in Haymana district) * Yeşilköy (in Haymana district) * Yukarısebil (in Haymana district) * Yurtbeyli (in Haymana district)

Other provinces

Villages populated by the Şêxbizin tribe in Turkey outside of the provinces of Ankara and Konya: *Bahçeköy (in the center district,

Düzce Province Düzce Province ( tr, ) is a province in northwestern Turkey. It is on the coastline of the Black Sea and is traversed by the main highway between Istanbul and Ankara. The main town is Düzce. There are ancient Greek ruins in the province. Düz ...

) *Bayamca (in

Boyabat Boyabat is a town and district of Sinop Province in the Black Sea Region, Turkey, Black Sea region of Turkey. The mayor is Mehmet Ermiş (Justice and Development Party (Turkey), AKP). Boyabat has a population of 50,000 in the town itself. The t ...

district,

Sinop Province Sinop Province ( tr, Sinop ili ; el, Σινώπη, ''Sinopi'') is a province of Turkey, along the Black Sea. It is located between 41 and 42 degrees North latitude and between 34 and 35 degrees East longitude. The surface area is 5,862 ...

) *Ballıca (in the center district, Düzce Province) *Beygircioğlu (in Kargı district,

Çorum Province Çorum ( tr, ) is a province in the Black Sea Region of Turkey, but lying inland and having more characteristics of Central Anatolia than the Black Sea coast. Its provincial capital is the city of Çorum, the traffic code is 19. History Excav ...

) *Binerli (in Boyabat district, Sinop Province) *Çamlıpınar (in Laçin district, Çorum Province) *Çayağzı (in Durağan district, Sinop Province) *Dededağı (in Bafra district,

Kastamonu Province Kastamonu Province ( tr, ) is one of the provinces of Turkey, in the Black Sea region to the north of the country. It is surrounded by Sinop to the east, Bartın, Karabük to the west, Çankırı to the south, Çorum to the southeast and the ...

) *Dumanoğlu (in

Aşkale Aşkale is a town and district of the Erzurum province of Turkey. The mayor is Enver Başaran (AKP). The population is 12,509 (as of 2010). Kandilli Ski Resort, which hosts cross-country skiing and biathlon competitions at some international wi ...

district,

Erzurum Province Erzurum Province ( tr, Erzurum ili) is a province of Turkey in the Eastern Anatolia Region of the country. The capital of the province is the city of Erzurum. It is bordered by the provinces of Kars and Ağrı to the east, Muş and Bingöl to the ...

) *Gemet (in the center district, Çorum Province) *Güllüdağ (in

Narman Narman ( hy, Նամուրվան; ka, ნარიმანი), formerly Namervan and İd, is a town and district of Erzurum Province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ...

district, Erzurum Province) *İçmeler (in Gölyaka district, Düzce Province) *İğdeli (in

Oltu Oltu (; ) is a town and district of Erzurum Province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. The mayor is Necmettin Taşçı, from the AKP. The population was 31,087 in 2020. History An inscription found in Oltu’s castle has been dated to th ...

district, Erzurum Province) *Karasoku (in Laçin district, Çorum Province) *Koçkaya (in Narman district, Erzurum Province) *Kuruçalı (in Narman district, Erzurum Province) *Mamure (in the center district, Düzce Province) *Meşepınarı (in

Karapürçek Karapürçek is a town and district of Sakarya Province in the Marmara region of Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly o ...

district,

Sakarya Province Sakarya ( tr, ) is a province in Turkey, located on the coast of Black Sea. The Sakarya River creates a webbing of estuaries in the province, which is in the Marmara Region. The adjacent provinces are Kocaeli to the west, Bilecik to the south ...

) *Olukbaşı (in Durağan district, Sinop Province) *Paşakonağı (in the center district, Düzce Province) *Pınaryolu (in Narman district, Erzurum Province) *Sapanlı (in Narman district, Erzurum Province) *Sıtma (in Laçin district, Çorum Province) *Tekpınar (in Ispir district, Erzurum Province) *Tektaban (in Karapürçek district, Sakarya Province) *Topkaynak (in Oltu district, Erzurum Province *Yarmankaya (in

Tortum Tortum ( ota, تورتوم) is a town and district of Erzurum Province in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. The population is 4,507 as of 2010. The current mayor is Muammer Yiğider from the Great Unity Party (BBP). History Tortum was par ...

district, Erzurum Province) *Yazılıgürgen (in Karapürçek district, Sakarya Province) *Yeniköy (in Boyabat district, Sinop Province) *Yenitaşköprü (in the center district, Düzce Province) *Yeşilyurt (in Boyabat district, Sinop Province) *Yüksel (in Karapürçek district, Sakarya Province)

Europe

There is a Şêxbizin community in

Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...

Denmark ) , song = ( en, "King Christian stood by the lofty mast") , song_type = National and royal anthem , image_map = EU-Denmark.svg , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Danish Realm, Kingdom of Denmark ...

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...

and

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

References

Notes

* * * * * *

Etymology

History

Settlements

Kurdistan Region

Ankara and Konya Provinces

Other provinces

Europe

See also

References

Notes

Further reading